Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing relevance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). These

Polymer nanocomposites constitute a groundbreaking class of materials synthesized by embedding nanomaterials into a polymer matrix. This strategic dispersion of nanoparticles, including ceramics, at the nanoscale substantially enhances the mechanical, thermal, here and barrier properties of the conventional polymer. The resulting nanocomposites dis